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The Lunenburg Campaign was executed by the Mi'kmaq militia and Acadian militia against the Foreign Protestants who the British had settled on the Lunenburg Peninsula during the French and Indian War. The British deployed Joseph Gorham and his Rangers along with Captain Rudolf Faesch and regular troops of the 60th Regiment of Foot to defend Lunenburg.〔"Regular" refers to a professional British soldier, paid by the British Crown.〕 The Campaign was so successful, by November of 1758, the members of the House of Assembly for Lunenburg stated "they received no benefit from His Majesty's Troops or Rangers" and required more protection.〔Bell, p. 512, note 44〕 == Historical Context == Despite the British Conquest of Acadia in 1710, Nova Scotia remained primarily occupied by Catholic Acadians and Mi'kmaq. To prevent the establishment of Protestant settlements in the region, Mi'kmaq raided the early British settlements of present-day Shelburne (1715) and Canso (1720). A generation later, Father Le Loutre's War began when Edward Cornwallis arrived to establish Halifax with 13 transports on June 21, 1749.〔Grenier, John. The Far Reaches of Empire. War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 2008; Thomas Beamish Akins. History of Halifax, Brookhouse Press. 1895. (2002 edition). p 7〕 By unilaterally establishing Halifax the British were violating earlier treaties with the Mi'kmaq (1726), which were signed after Father Rale's War.〔Wicken, p. 181; Griffith, p. 390; Also see http://www.northeastarch.com/vieux_logis.html〕 Despite the British Conquest of Acadia in 1710, Nova Scotia remained primarily occupied by Catholic Acadians and Mi'kmaq. By the time Cornwallis had arrived in Halifax, there was a long history of the Wabanaki Confederacy (which included the Mi'kmaq) protecting their land by killing British civilians along the New England/ Acadia border in Maine (See the Northeast Coast Campaigns 1688, 1703, 1723, 1724, 1745, 1746, 1747).〔John Reid.“Amerindian Power in the Early Modern Northeast: A Reappraisal.” in Essays on Northeastern North America: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008) ; Grenier, John. The Far Reaches of Empire. War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 2008.〕 The British quickly began to build other settlements. To guard against Mi'kmaq, Acadian and French attacks on the new Protestant settlements, British fortifications were erected in Halifax (Citadel Hill) (1749), Bedford (Fort Sackville) (1749), Dartmouth (1750), Lunenburg (1753) and Lawrencetown (1754).〔John Grenier. ''The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760.'' Oklahoma University Press.〕 There were numerous Mi'kmaq and Acadian raids on these villages such as the Raid on Dartmouth (1751).〔Grenier pp. 154–155. For the Raids on Dartmouth see the Diary of John Salusbury (diarist): ''Expeditions of Honour: The Journal of John Salusbury in Halifax''; also see ''A genuine narrative of the transactions in Nova Scotia since the settlement, June 1749, till August the 5th, 1751 () : in which the nature, soil, and produce of the country are related, with the particular attempts of the Indians to disturb the colony / by John Wilson''. Also see http://www.blupete.com/Hist/NovaScotiaBk1/Part5/Ch07.htm〕 After the Raid on Lunenburg (1756), Governor Lawrence sought to protect the area by establishing blockhouses at the LaHave River, Mush-a-Mush (present day Mahone Bay) and at the Northwest Range (present day Blockhouse, Nova Scotia).〔Bell, W. ''Foreign Protestants'', p.507.〕 Despite the protection of these blockhouses, Indians and Acadians continued raiding the area, executing eight such raids over the next three years.〔''The "Foreign Protestants" and the Settlement of Nova Scotia'' by Dr Winthrop Bell. pp. 504-513〕 A total of 32 people from Lunenburg were killed in the raids with more being taken prisoner.〔Bell. ''Foreign Protestants''. p. 515〕 The British reported that most of these raids were by the Mi'kmaq and Acadians at Cape Sable.〔''The "Foreign Protestants" and the Settlement of Nova Scotia'' by Dr Winthrop Bell. p. 513〕 (The Argyle, Nova Scotia region was formerly known as Cape Sable and encompassed a much larger area than it does today. It extended from Cape Negro (Baccaro) through Chebogue.) Following the raid of 1756, Mi'kmaq made eight more raids on the Lunenburg Peninsula over the next three years. In 1757, the Mi'kmaq raided Lunenburg and killed six people from the Brissang family.〔 That same year, the Lunenburg settlers were compelled to do "much militia duty".〔Desbresaie, p. 49〕 During the winter, 300 soldiers under the command of former Governor, now Major General, Hopson's were stationed at Lunenburg.〔Bell, p. 509〕 In April 1757, a band of Acadian and Mi'kmaq partisans raided a warehouse near-by Fort Edward, killing thirteen British soldiers and, after taking what provisions they could carry, setting fire to the building. A few days later, the same partisans also raided Fort Cumberland.〔John Faragher. Great and Noble Scheme. Norton. 2005. p. 398.〕 Because of the strength of the Acadian militia and Mi'kmaq militia, British officer John Knox wrote that “In the year 1757 we were said to be Masters of the province of Nova Scotia, or Acadia, which, however, was only an imaginary possession.“ He continues to state that the situation in the province was so precarious for the British that the “troops and inhabitants” at Fort Edward, Fort Sackville and Lunenburg “could not be reputed in any other light than as prisoners."〔Knox. Vol. 2, p. 443 Bell, p. 514〕〔 https://archive.org/stream/cihm_36456#page/n461/mode/2up/search/reputed〕 By year end, Governor Charles Lawrence wrote, "More inhabitants were killed and taken prisoner, by which many were too much exposed, and others apprehensive of danger. The people much discouraged, and in great distress."〔(p. 54 )〕 (By June 1757, the settlers of another Halifax satellite settlement, Lawrencetown, had to be withdrawn completely again from the settlement because the number of Mi'kmaq and Acadian raids eventually prevented settlers from leaving their houses.〔Bell Foreign Protestants. p. 508〕 Of the 151 settlers who arrived in Dartmouth in August 1750, after Mi'kmaq and Acadia raids half of the settlers left the community within two years later.〔Harry Chapman, p. 31〕 By the end of war (1763), Dartmouth was only left with 78 settlers.〔Harry Chapman, p. 32〕) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lunenburg Campaign (1758)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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